WHITE PAPER
ARCHEOLOGICAL
TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA—COUNCIL OF VIRGINIA
ARCHAEOLOGISTS—VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HISTORIC RESOURCES
September 2009, v. 2
BACKGROUND
The Archeological Technician
Certification Program is designed to give individuals the opportunity to obtain
recognition for formal, extended training in the techniques and goals of
archaeology without having to participate in an academic degree program. Certification students are provided
technical training in both the field and laboratory in conjunction with
rotational lectures and workshops and required readings.
The program is sponsored by
the Archeological Society of Virginia (ASV), the Council of Virginia
Archaeologists (COVA), and the Virginia Department of Historic Resources
(VDHR).
Web addresses for the
sponsoring groups:
Archeological
Society of Virginia: http://asv-archeology.org/
Council
of Virginia Archaeologists: http://cova-inc.org/
Virginia
Department of Historic Resources: http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/
We are very fortunate that
individual field and laboratory opportunities are sponsored by a wide variety
of organizations involved in Virginia archaeology, including federal and state
agencies, universities, museums, and historic sites.
The program is overseen by a
Board appointed by the three sponsoring organizations. Current Board Members:
Bruce
Baker (ASV) and Carole Nash (COVA) – co-chairs
Faye Wade, Cynthia Hansen,
Mike Wilke, and Kathleen Baker (ASV)
George Tolley, Kay McCarron,
David Brown, and Thane Harpole (COVA)
Michael Barber and Dee
DeRoche (VDHR)
Ex-Officio: Patrick OÕNeill (ASV), Esther White (COVA),
Kathleen Kilpatrick (VDHR)
As of July 2009, over eighty students
are enrolled in the Certification Program. Since its revitalization in the late 1990s, the program has
graduated forty-two students, many of whom continue their involvement with the
program.
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION – what
you need to do to enroll and stay current!
1. You must be at least 16 years old.
2. There is a one-time fee of
$40 (check payable to ÒASVÓ) that is sent, along with
your mailing address, e-mail, ASV
Chapter affiliation (where applicable), and phone contact information,
to:
Bruce
Baker
10290 Reed Rock Road
Amelia, Va 23002
Ph. No. (804) 339-1864
Email: [email protected]
3. You are required to be a member in good standing of the state ASV
organization while you're in the program (which means renewing membership each year). The ASV web page has a downloadable
membership form: http://asv-archeology.org/ Click on "membership"
in the left-hand column. Fill this
out and mail it to the Membership Secretary with a check to cover the
appropriate fee.
4. Bruce will send you the Blue Book (the log book that helps
you keep track of your progress), as well as a Statement of Ethics to
sign and mail back. ONCE ACCEPTED INTO THE PROGRAM, EACH
STUDENT MUST ABIDE BY THE CODE OF ETHICS OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF
VIRGINIA.
5. The one-time fee also gives free admission to all
program lectures and workshops, as well as basic materials and handouts.
6. We encourage students to work at a steady pace and complete
the program in two years; however, we understand that some students
will need more time. We will
assist you in every way possible to help you finish.
7. All work undertaken in the
program must be done under the supervision of a professional
archaeologist who is either a member of, or eligible for full
membership in, the Council of Virginia Archaeologists.
8. If you have done
archaeology under the supervision of a professional archaeologist during the past
five years prior to joining the program, the Certification Committee
will consider a request to review the details of the work and determine whether
it meets program requirements. You
must contact the program directors and send the following information for such
a review:
The committee quickly
considers these requests.
9. You need to keep a journal that details your work in
the program -- lab, lecture, readings.
You will also be sent instructions on keeping a field journal. Your journals are turned in with your
final exam and Blue Book for review by the Certification Committee.
10. We strongly encourage you to have a professional mentor who can help you find readings, get needed lectures, oversee your progress, etc. The Certification Board will assist you in finding one.
PROGRAM STRUCTURE
The program has three components: classroom
lecture/reading; laboratory; field.
You must have your Blue Book with you when working on all elements of
the program, as your hours and tasks must be logged and initialed by the
professional in charge.
The eleven lectures range
from overviews of Virginia archaeology to lithics analysis to metal object
analysis and conservation -- a wide range of topics that cover both the
theoretical and methodological aspects of archaeological practice. These are given at various times during
the year by professionals. You are
regularly notified of lectures and workshops taking place around the state. The lectures include:
The readings are selected to
introduce you to the major themes of the discipline. These include lab manuals, field manuals, artifact
identification books, etc. Each
local ASV chapter will have a full set of each; if youÕre not affiliated with a
chapter, please let us know.
Readings are incorporated throughout the program to complement both lectures
and practical experiences. The
list of required readings is appended to this document.
There is a requirement of 60
hours of lab work: 30 with
historic artifacts; 30 with prehistoric artifacts. You can pull these together from various projects -- as long
as they add up.
The field work requirement
includes 60 hours of survey (30 historic/30 prehistoric sites) and 60
hours of excavation (30 hours each on a historic and a prehistoric
site). While in the field, you are
also given instruction in specific methods (e.g., survey and excavation
techniques, understanding the use of a transit and grid, reading topographic
maps, understanding stratigraphy, GPS, etc.). 24 excavation hours must be
completed at an approved field school. We post a full listing of field opportunities on the ASV web
page each April and regularly notify students of field and laboratory
opportunities.
Finally, you must record
two site forms with the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, for
both a prehistoric and historic site. This is done in computerized format in a
specialized database (Data Sharing System), and your mentor will work with you
to help you complete them.
You will take both practical
(laboratory) and written exams at the end of the program – these are
basic exams designed to reflect what you've learned in the program. They are graded by the Certification
Committee.
We recognize program
graduates at the Annual Meeting of the Archeological Society of Virginia, which
takes place in October of each year.
After graduation, certification program students regularly continue in
the lab and field.
Required
Readings
Beginning in 2008,
all Certification Program students are required to read the series ArchaeologistÕs Toolkit (2003, Zimmerman
and Green, eds., AltaMira Press).
This is comprised of seven small volumes that are integrated throughout
the Certification curriculum.
Copes of the Toolkit are
available from the ASV and kept on repository with the local ASV Chapters.
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---REQUIRED READINGS FOR LECTURE COURSES---
1. ARCHAEOLOGICAL LAWS AND
ETHICS
Carnett, Carole
1992 Legal Background of Archaeological Resources Protection, Technical Brief No. 11, U.S. Dept. of Interior National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology/pubs/techbr/tch11A.htm
Hicks, Robert
End of Millennium Report on Time Crime
Click here for the Hicks paper.
U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service
Archaeology Laws: A Guide for Professionals
http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology/tools/laws/index.htm
U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service
Archaeological Laws and Ethics
http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology/public/publicLaw.htm
Virginia Department of Historic Resources
State and Federal Laws and Regulations Related to the Preservation of Historic Properties in the Commonwealth of Virginia
http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/review/state_fed106.htm
2. VIRGINIA ARCHAEOLOGY
OVERVIEWS
A. HISTORIC
Deetz, James
1996 In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life. Anchor Press.
Orser, Charles
2004 Historical Archaeology, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall.
Reinhart, Theodore (Ed.)
1996 The Archaeology of 18th Century Virginia. Special Publication #35, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Reinhart, Theodore and Dennis Pogue (Eds.)
1993 The Archaeology of 17th Century Virginia. Special Publication #30, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Reinhart, Theodore and John Sprinke (Eds.)
1999 The Archaeology of 19th Century Virginia. Special Publication #36, Archeological Society of Virginia.
B. PREHISTORIC
Egloff, Keith and Deborah Woodward
2006 First People: The Early Indians of Virginia (2nd Edition). University of Virginia Press.
Reinhart, Theodore R. and J. Mark Wittkofski (Eds.)
1989 Paleoindian Research in Virginia: A Synthesis. Special Publication #19, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Reinhart, Theodore R. and Mary E. N. Hodges (Eds.)
1990 Early and Middle Archaic Research in Virginia: A Synthesis. Special Publication #22, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Reinhart, Theodore R. and Mary E. N. Hodges (Eds.)
1991 Late Archaic and Early Woodland Research in Virginia: A Synthesis. Special Publication #23, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Reinhart, Theodore R. and Mary E. N. Hodges (Eds.)
1992 Middle and Late Woodland Research in Virginia: A Synthesis. Special Publication #29, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Wood, Karenne (Ed.)
2007 The Virginia Indian Heritage Trail. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, Charlottesville.
3. AREA COURSES
Michael Madden and Joel Hardison
2002 An Easy Identification Guide and Typology for Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Century Bottles. Special Publication #42, Archeological Society of Virginia.
2003 Sobolik, Kristin. Archaeobiology. Volume 5 of the ArchaeologistÕs Toolkit, Alta Mira Press.
Reading materials on lithics, ceramics (Native American and
historic), and metals are included in the books required for Laboratory
Techniques (see below). Your
instructor will also have handouts for you when you take these courses.
--REQUIRED READINGS FOR LABORATORY
TECHNIQUES
Brady, Colleen, Molly Gleeson, Melba Myers, Claire Peachey,
Betty Seifert, Howard Wellman, Emily Williams, Lisa Young
2006 Conservation and Collections Care: Guidelines for Archaeologists. CD available from the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
(N.B. Artifact conservation is a specialized field, requiring oversight from trained professionals. The CD is not meant as a Òhow-toÓ guide to conserving artifacts and its proper use falls under the Certification Program Code of Ethics).
Ewen, Charles R.
2003 Artifacts (Volume 4 of the ArchaeologistÕs Toolkit, Alta Mira Press).
Noel-Hume, Ivor
2001 A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Sutton, Mark and Brooke Arkush
2006 Archaeological Laboratory Methods, 4th Ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
--FIELD SURVEY REQUIRED READINGS--
Black, Stephen L. and Kevin Jolly
2003 Archaeology by Design. (Volume 1 of the ArchaeologistÕs Toolkit, Alta Mira Press).
Collins, James M. and Brian Leigh Molyneaux
2003 Archaeological Survey. (Volume 2 of the ArchaeologistÕs Toolkit, Alta Mira Press).
Hranicky, Jack
1981 Using United States Geological Survey (USGS) Topographic Maps. Special Publication #20, Archeological Society of Virginia.
Virginia Department of Historic Resources
Data Sharing System Data Entry Instruction for Archaeological Survey.
http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/dhr- devel/projects/dhr_farcry/www/files/DSS_Data_Entry_Archaeology.pdf
---EXCAVATION REQUIRED READINGS---
Carmichael, David, Robert Lafferty III, and Brian Molyneaux
2003 Excavation. (Volume 3 of the ArchaeologistÕs Toolkit, Alta Mira Press).
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--Certification Program Graduates through 2013 (with Chapter
Affiliations)—
These ASV members, listed in alphabetical order, have completed all the requirements of the ASV-COVA-VDHR Certification Program. Congratulations graduates!
Key: CHMC=Col. Howard MacCord Chapter; HC=Highlands Chapter; MC=Massanutten Chapter; MPC=Middle Peninsula Chapter; NC=Nansemond Chapter; NVC=Northern Virginia Chapter; NSVC=Northern Shenandoah Valley Chapter; RC=Roanoke Chapter; UJRC=Upper James River Chapter
Baker, Bruce (CHMC)
Baker, Kathleen (CHMC)
Balazs, Eliot (UJRC)
Barker, Beverly (CHMC)
Biller, Janice (MCASV)
Brown, Dale (NVC)
Bryson, Linda (MP)
Bucklin, Elizabeth (MPC)
Cole, Bill (NVC)
Corley, Joe (CHMC)
Cuyler, Jackie (NVC)
Davis, Laura (NVC)
Dellinger, Elaine (out-of-state)
Eilers, Richard (NSVC)
Edwards, Wayne (NC)
Evans, Randy (NSVC)
Fischer, Carl (CHMC)
Fridley, Harrison (UJRC)
Frye, Robert (NSVC)
Fuller, Pat (NVC)
Garber, Becky (NVC)
Gloor, Jim (MP)
Grealy, Susie (NVC)
Hansen, Cynthia (NC)
Hebron, Richard (MC)
Heuser, Robert (NVC)
Hon, Edgar (NVC)
Imlay, John (NVC)
Johnson, Maggie (NVC)
Jordan, Lisa
Karow, Tom (MP)
Kelsey, John (NVC)
Kincaid, Andy (MP)
LeMasters, Marcus (NSVC)
Lofton, Laura (NSVC)
Long, Richard (NVC)
Maginnis, Walt (At-Large)
Manson, C. Niel (CHMC)
Martin, Janet (NSVC)
McGovern, Ginger (NVC)
McPherson, Chandra (CHMC)
McWhorter, Preston (NVC)
Monken, George (NVC)
Mulford, Philip (NVC)
Pearsall, Joyce (NVC)
Pfeffer, Al (CHMC)
Policastro, Anatoly (NVC)
Policastro, Mary Beth (NVC)
Reblitz, Howard (NVC)
Reynolds, Carole (MP)
Santamaria, Wilther (NVC)
Schweikart, Karen (NVC)
Sharrer, Joe (MC)
Shonyo, Dave (NVC)
Shoaf, Cindy
Shoaf, Mike
Short, Christine (UJRC)
Short, Hannah (UJRC)
Siegel, Rebecca (NVC)
Silva, Gene (NVC)
Summerson, Marsha (CHMC)
Thomas, Steve (CHMC)
Tidwell, Alan (NV)
Tonkavitch, Isabella (NV)
Townes, Valerie ()
Vaca, Dave (NVC)
VanFossen, Eric (MP)
Veith, Kay (MC)
Wade, Faye (CHMC)
Waggy, Linda (MC)
Watlington, Lee (NVC)
Weddle, Billy (RC)
Weddle, Regina (RC)
Wedin, Laura (NVC)
Welch, Barbara (NVC)
Whitmire, David (NV)
Wilke, Mike (HC, MC, UJRC)
Williams, Donald (NVC)
Wood, Ann (NVC)
Zuckerman, Ian (NSVC)
Zuckerman, Linda (NSVC)
**********************************************************************
For further information, please contact:
Bruce Baker
10290 Reed Rock Road
Amelia, VA 23002
(804)339-1864
Email: [email protected]
Carole Nash, Ph.D.
Geographic Science Program
MSC 4102
James Madison University
800 South Main Street
Harrisonburg, VA 22807
(540)568-6805
Email: [email protected]